Black
& Red

rubricating: general remarks

Contrast of Red and Black.—The most effective
arrangement of red lettering with black text involves
a sharp contrast, and, as a rule, the concentration of
the red in a line or mass (see figs. 91, 93, and 96,
where the red lettering is massed at the head, side,
and foot of the black). Too many red capitals scat¬
tered through a page lose their effect, and appear
as though they were brown-red rather than bright
red (see pp. 100, 151). Printed title-pages, &c., may
be seen with promiscuous lines of black and red, in
which the fine effect obtainable by the use of bright
colour is dispersed and lost; while the same, or even
a less, amount of red, massed in one or two places
in the page, would show to great advantage.

Notes in Red in Margins.—Red lettering, and
particularly small red writing, may be used freely
in the margins; being much lighter than black, it
appears there as a marginal decoration, not inter¬
fering with the regular look of the page. Indeed,
red may be used more freely, and I think its decora¬
tive effect is greater, in the form of rubrics, than in
any other simple form of ornament (see Red in
Church Service Books (pp. 106, 309) and Red sub¬
stituted for Italics (p. 279)).

Paragraph and other Marks.—Various symbols,
numerals, and marks (such asic?-^f|]f*fj§
►f* t R—Addenda, p. xxiii) may be made in red.

Red Lines.—Lines made to divide, or outline,
pages ( rules” or “rule borders”) should be spar¬
ingly used, and then rather in black than in red
(see p. 328). If in red, particularly between lines
of writing, these should be “ruled feint” with
diluted colour.

110

Red for Ornaments.—Red may be used pretty Black

freely with other colours (blue, green, and gold), & Red

but by itself more sparingly.

OTHER COLOURS.—The foregoing remarks
refer mainly to contrasts of black and red, but apply,
to a certain extent, to black with any bright colour
(or gold) (see “Other Colour Schemes” given above,
and p. 146).

CHAPTER IX

LAYING & BURNISHING GOLD

Tools & Materials—Laying the Ground—Laying the
Gold-Leaf — Burnishing the Gold — Remedying
Faults in Gilding—Gold Writing—Other Methods
& Recipes for Gilding—Appendix on Gilding (by
Graily Hewitt).

TOOLS & MATERIALS

These should be kept together in a convenient box, Laying &
as it is important that the process should not be Burnishing
interrupted by a search for a missing tool. Gold

Tools and Materials.
HARD LEAD PENCIL.
POUNCE.

“SIZE” OR RAISING PRE¬
PARATION.

SMALL SAUCER.

NEEDLE SET IN HANDLE.
QUILL PEN.

KNIFE.

GOLD-LEAF.

Summary of Process.

For drawing forms if necessary.
For preparing surface :
“pouncing.”

For raising and backing leaf.

For mixing size in.

For bursting bubbles, &c.

For “laying” the size.

For trimming size, &c.

For gilding.

Ill