Good Heads are easily built up at the ends of thick

Lettering— strokes, but some practice is required to enable a
Some penman to make them on the thin strokes properly
Methods of and skilfully. On the thin horizontals they are
Construction made with an almost continuous movement of the
& Arrange- point of the nib from the thin stroke itself (see (a)
ment to (h) fig. 146) closely resembling the termination

1И

horizontal fa)
я; à,,«*, ,

pen

turns here fr •»
a > 1 tt % It ft _ V ywUicfi

curve ("•/ half-nib jxnnt/runs up

¿¿S'

Reverse heab: -

Above action

^head’ mrruc iixuu- - '

(pMf, J ' SKÄ*

tilled иг (e.) is reversed (f.) combined(gj

t.

П.лг}

E. sfiewino- Hedbf on olluçieS. Hedbs on
three hedos (i) anò on vertical vertical
(h.) thmf-ik-) thkkS(l-m.)

Fig. 146.

*• T

5 T* I

*• XiX

of some of the thin strokes in the Irish half-uncial
(Plate VI). On the thin oblique or vertical stems
a thin crossing stroke is first made, and then shaped
210

with the pen point to meet the stem (see (г) and (¿)
fig. 146).

We may write out the letters now with their
suitable serifs, and we see that the Pen character
and finish, given to the “Essential, or Skeleton,
Forms” (fig. 142) result in a very formal and highly
finished alphabet (fig. 147).

Slanted-pen characters and serifs (see fig. 145)—

(a) Hooks or Beaks ] Suitable for most of the

(d) Thin Finishing- r letters, but tending to

Curves J be informal.

(b) Straight (or Curved) \ Formal and strong.

THICK Strokes J

(Formal and suitable for
small-letters, and free
capitals (see fig. 168).

The alphabets (fig. 148), produced from the skele¬
ton forms (fig. 142) by the slanted pen, while not
having such a conscious air of finish as the straight-
pen letters, are much easier to write, and have in a
greater degree the virtues of strong,1 legible, natural
penmanship.

They are eminently suitable for general MS. work
(see p. 269) when the beginner has mastered an
early form of round-hand (see pp. 36, 268).

DISTINCTIVENESS

(As having the distinguishing characteristics of each
letter strongly marked)

The '''‘Characteristic Parts” are those parts which
most particularly serve to distinguish one letter from

1 Their greater strength may not at first be apparent in fig. 148,
as the nib used therefor is narrower, in proportion to the height
of letter, than that used for fig. 147 (see also fig. 151).

211

Good
Lettering—
Some
Methods of
Construction
& Arrange¬
ment