THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

St. Petersburg, leaving the concern, now a limited-liability company by the name
of Rotterdamsche Lettergieterij, to drag on a miserable existence under Sohlberg's
direction until, in 1901, our firm bought it.l

Considering the risks that it had run in being moved from Berlin to Rotterdam
and its bad management in recent years, the condition of the material was not bad.
Some of the matrices were lost, it is true; but those of historical interest, having
for long been disregarded, were untouched, for the most part still in the paper
packets in which, most probably, Unger himself had left them. That being so,
we can give an exact, account of Unger's types and illustrate it by resetting his
specimen-book,2 so far as that is still possible (figs. 459—470, pp. 369—372). What
concerns us specially is to discover where this typefounder got the matrices with
which he began his business in 1791.
connexions with the Unhappily there is no means of answering the question. However, I believe that

Luther foundry some sei-s 0f Unger's matrices were supplied by the Luther Foundry at Frankfurt
am Main, the foundry I have mentioned so often before and especially in the
chapter on the seventeenth century. A letter addressed from that establishment
to Johannes Enschedé on 21 November 1769 is a sign that it was still flourishing
then; and I have found traces of the firm in the City Archives at Frankfurt up to
about 1780; but after that there is no sign of it.3 We have no original specimens
in our collection of the German types of the Luther Foundry.41 must admit that
none of the Romans or Italics in Luther's specimen of 1718 (some of which, as I
pointed out (pp. 64,92), are to be found in books printed by the Elseviers) were
among those that Unger had. On the other hand, his Corpus Fractur No. 2, now our Long
Primer Frahur No. 1505 (fig. 459) is the Grobe Gormont Fractur shown in the 1718 Fraktur
specimen of the Luther Foundry, and used in its specimen of Romans and Italics
also issued in 1718 to set the address at the foot: Denen Herrn Gelehrten/ Buchhöndleren
und sonderlich Herrn Buchdruckeren zur dienlichen Nachricht/ in [soßenander) Lutherischen Schrijjt-
Giesserey. FrancVurX (sic) ont Moyn Anno 1718.5 Furthermore, I am inclined to attribute
the types numbered 1501—1504 in our inventory to the same foundry on grounds
of style.

Those are not the only indications of a connexion between Unger and the
foundry at Frankfurt. For example, I notice in the specimens of both three sets
of titling capitals which were also used by Johannes Elsevier of Leyden. These I
cannot reset because we no longer have matrices for them. There are two other
facb to show that when he was stocking his typefoundry Unger got some of his

[1] See about the firm of Trowitzsch & Sohn, E. Mangels- istence was more or less a fiñion. See G. Mori, Die Egenolf-

dorf, Das Haus Trowitzsch tí Sohn iti Berlin, 1911. Luthersche Schriftgiesserei, 1926, p. 34; Bauer, pp. 51-52.

[2] Schriftproben der Didotschen und gewöhnlichen Lettern etc. See [4] Those that are known are reproduced by collotype in

List of type-specimens no. 143. G. Mori, Das Schriftgiessergewerbe in Frankfurt am Main und Ofenbach,

[3] Very little information has since been made available 1926, and in G. Mori, Frankfurter Schriftproben aus dem 16. bis

about the last years of the foundry. The Luther family sold 18. Jahrhundert, 1955.

it in 1780 to Karl Berner, who changed its name to Bernersche [5] G. Mori, Frankfurter Schriftproben, Plates 12,13.
Giesserei. It declined rapidly under him, and by 1810 its ex-

368

Bit 3«9int »lAWt in ihrra ®tf*marf auf ttn Orano, bit Sahirs, utrt
Ж Яікг Matt öen feinen они ©moijnfjeit.

Pearl Fraktur no. 1501.
fnompareille Frañur N0.3').

gin SBetteií, baf Me 9>ienfd»en ібге Begangenen Çebler Seffer
einfe&en, al« man glaubt, ift biti: bafj fíe nie Unrest baben,
Wenn fie Bon ibrem Sîenebmen fptedjen.

Nonpareil Fraktur no. 1502.
fnompareille Frañur no. i').

£>ie Suqenb mecbfelt in tfjrem ©efcbmacf ouf ben
©rang beâ 23lutâ, unb boé Silter behalt ben feinen aué
©ercobnbeit.

Bourgeois Fraktur no. 1504.
('petit Frañur N0.3').

Stinge Sente bie guerfr in ber groften SBcit auftreten,
muffen ptrffflemt ober unüberlegt fepn: ein frepeö unb
gefesteiS SZBcfen »trnxmbelt fié in biefem Jaüe gwSta«
lief) in 3ubnng(td)f«it.

Bourgeois Fraktur no. 1503.
('petit Frañur no. 2').

(Sin ЗЗегоеіе, bof bie $9?еп(феп ihre begangenen
gebier beffer einigen, atë man glaubt, ift bieé:
baß fïe nie Unrecht (»aben, roenn fie »on ifyrem
^Benehmen (рсефеп.

Long Primer Fraktur no. 1505.
('corpus Frañur no. 2').

Fig-459-First series of Fraktur typefaces from the Unger foundry, Berlin, probably cut for the Luther foundry
at Frankfurt am Main. Resetting of the Unger type-specimen.

Sé giebt feinen $aüi too wir einen fchlecfyíen
îaufcb, fháten, wenn wir bai (Bute/ bai man
fcon une fprtcht/ aufgeben, unter bem Skbinge,
ba$ man nicfyté SSófeé t>on une fagen foli.

Small Pica Fraktur no. 1520, the so-called Lobinger Fraktur,
('corpus Frañur no. i').

5)ie 3l,3cni> wechselt in tyrem ®efct)macf
auf ben ®rancj beé 23íuté, unb bai 9Шег
behalt ben feinen aué ©ewoljnfjeit.

Pica Fraktur no. 1521,
the so-called Bernhard Fraktur.

¡Die 3u3enì) tt>ccf)fcít in фгет
©efdjmacf auf t>m íDrang Ъсё
S5ÍUW, unt> fcaö ШШ be&áít ben
feinen aus ©еюо&п&еК*

Great Primer Fraktur no. 1510.
('grobe mittel Frañur no. 3').

©n $3etr>eté, Щ bie SDcenfdjen fljre be*
gangenen gehjer befier einfehen, alé mon
glaubt, ífl Dteé: Daj? fíe nie Unrecht ha*
ben, wenn fíe tton фгет SSenehmen fpre*
феп. €ben Die Eigenliebe, Die fíe toer*
blenDet, öffnet irrten biet* Die 2iugen, unD
giebt ihnen einen fo гіфгідеп 2Micf, Щ
fíe Die fleinjten UmftanDe, Die фпеп. 9\uae
jujieben konnten, unterDrucfen oDer über*
fleiDen.

English-bodied Fraktur no. 1509.
('grobe cicero Frañur No.i').

Fig. 460. Second series of Fraktur typefaces from the Unger foundry, Berlin. Resetting of the Unger type-specimen.

59}ebt айв 2íd)fung file unfte SSeutrbeifungáftaft, »etqtoffetn
»ir t>ie SOotjilge Sinteret, ali aui Sícfcfung für ibte SOerbiertfle,
unb roir trollen Sobfptilcbe fiir uni roabtenb roit (te ibnen ju
geben fd)einen.

Nonpareil Fraktur no. 1506.
fnompareille Frañur no. 2').

9)?ап fónnte fagen: bie Safter erwarteten une
auf bem SBege beë Sebenê wie ©afiwirtbe, berj
benen man паф unb nací) einfet)ren muf^ unb
іф jweifte, baf? une bie Srfabrung uorúber brám
gen fónnte, wenn wir ben Жед jweijmal тафеп
búrften.

Long Primer Fraktur no. 1507.
('corpus Frañur no. 5').

©in 23eroeiá, bag bie STOenféen u)re begangenen Seller
beffer einfeben, ató man glaubt, i(l bieé: bag fíe nie
Unrecrjt ^aben, reenn fíe »on ¡fyrem 23ene^men fpreé«n.

Minion Fraktur no. 1519.
(not in the Unger type-specimen).

(lé gtebt eine 2írí Don (£фЬипа,, Die
»от ©íucf unabhängig ijïj ün geroif
feé ^оф f>erabfe^enDeê SSBefen, Daé
une fur greffe £)inge ju beftimmen
fcf>etnt; ein ©егоіфі, Daé шіг unmeref'
Щ auf une felbfï legen.

Great Primer Fraktur no. 1508.
('kleine mittel Frañur no. i').

Fig.461. Third series of Fraktur typefaces from the Unger foundry, Berlin. Resetting of the Unger type-specimen.

369