THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

then, for some strange reason, the Great Primer Schwabacher was thought to be a
precious relic of a remote age and was actually ascribed to the fifteenth century.
It was no years since they left Breitkopf 's foundry when I restored to these matrices
their true description.

De Groot also had a German type, N0.573 in our Inventory (fig. 458), a Pica Fraktur,
which I mention for the excellence of its cut. It is in the same style as a series of
faces in the specimen of Carl Tauchnitz, published in 1816.1

This is the best place to describe a sub j eel; which is of great interest in the field
of typefounding, though it did not affect, this industry in Holland. Chance put us
in possession of a collection of matrices from the typefoundry of Unger in Berlin,
and I will give some fafts about its history.2

Fig. 456. Two-line Paragon German Script Initials no. 860. Resetting of part
of the Supplement to the Enschedé type-specimen, issued in 1773.

[1] Tauchnitz employed a punchcutter, Johann Gottfried [2] Cf. Bauer, pp. 17-19; H. Berthold, Beiträge zur ІлЬещс-

Schelter, who had previously worked for Breitlcopf und schickte Johann Friedrich XJngers, 1924; E. Crous, Die Scririftgiessereien
Härtel: Baiter, pp. 112, 120. in Berlin von Tlturnensser bis Unger, 1928, pp. 69-117.

366

THE UNGER TYPES

Johann Friedrich Unger was the son of Johann Georg Unger, a printer born
near Pirna in 1715 who died at Berlin in 1788. The younger Johann, born in 1753 at
Berlin, set up his own printing office in 1780. He added typefounding to his busi¬
ness in 1791, and soon won a reputation for his German and Latin types. When he
died, in 1804, his widow carried on for a time, and she tried more than once, but
unsuccessfully, to sell her concern to King Friedrich Wilhelm III. J. S. G. Otto ad¬
ministered the printing office and the typefoundry after the bankruptcy of the
business in 1809 until Karl Trowitzsch, a well-known printer of Frankfurt an der
Oder, bought them in Oftober 1821. As manager of the Berlin branch of the firm
Trowitzsch he appointed Friedrich Wilhelm Mütterlein.

eíttget bem áerrn ein neue$ Ше£>,
Ые (Demeine foil il?n loben* 3frael
freue fiel; fce|3, ber ífyn gemacht \)ЬЦ
Ые *Шп&ег $íon feyn frólicl; óber
tarent Könige* @ie folien loben fei*
nen ЧЛшеп im Keigem

Fig. 457. Great Primer Schwabacher no. 86i. Resetting of part of
the type-specimen of J. G. I. Breitlcopf, 1763.

In 1896 the firm of Trowitzsch & Sohn decided to part with the foundry, and
the Berlin typefounder, Emil Gursch, found a purchaser for it, a certain B. Schur,
of Rotterdam. Schur's father, a wealthy lottery conductor in Schwerin, provided
the money; and the son, not a typefounder by trade, took into partnership a man
named Liebermann who had worked many years as a caster for Trowitzsch. The
association did not last: Liebermann left for America, and Schur persuaded his
brother-in-law, Sohlberg, to enter the firm, which continued under the style of
Schur & Company. But it did not prosper. Schur gave up his interest and went to

%n ben «íteften ^átm war (Jgpyten ber ©ïç bec
SEBeiéheit. £)¡e ©efeÇe, bie mit Grinftd>t uerfaflfet
waren, unb mit ©orgfaít беобафгег würben, machí
ten baè Söolf дПІсШф. ^nfonber^eit würben bie
9Jcajeéffrît ber Könige ípeiíig gehalten 5 unb niemaiê
haben bie Regenten freiwillig gehorfamere Unter*
thanen gehabt, aie bie (Jgpptifchen. £)iefe 23eref>;
rung gieng aber nicht weiter, atë ihr £eben. *31лф
bem Sobe eineê ^ònigeé betrachtete man fein 21 n*
gebenden aie baé 2íngebenfen etnee ЭЛаппее, ber
bem (Staat wegen feíneé 93erhaítené 9led)enfcf)aft
fchuíbig ífl. £)íe 2íeíteften beé іНеіфе unb bíe «priefter
uerfammíeten ftd> 5 man fwrte ade фефпеп, bíe
uon bem oerftorbenen Könige gute ober bofe фапЬ*
íungen wuftten5 unb паф biefer ШгегГифипд таф;
te Ьк 23erfamm(ung ben @cf>iuß, ob er ben guten
ober ben bofen Regenten bepjuja^Ien fep. abbefgf>i

Fig. 458. Pica Fraktur no. 573. Resetting of part of the type-specimen of J. de Groot, 1781.

367